Λαμ οολο και ν., 2013, Ελλθνικι Ζκδοθ Κλίμακα Ιοο ία BERG Κλίμακα Ι οο ία Berg 1. Α Η Α GΗ E F HΗ A FΑ ΕΗ ΟΔΘΓΙΕΣ: Ραακαλϊ θκωκείε όκιο . Ροακι ε να μθν χθιμο οιιεε α χζια α για ο ιιξθ.
96 The BBS is a qualitative measure that assesses balance via performing functional activities such as reaching, bending, transferring, and standing that incorporates most components of postural control: sitting and transferring safely between chairs;From: Geriatric Physical Therapy (Third Edition), 2012Balance and fallsAlia A. Alghwiri PT, MS,, Susan L. Whitney PT, DPT, PhD, NCS, ATC, FAPTA, in Geriatric Physical Therapy (Third Edition), 2012Berg balance Berg Balance Scale (BBS) was developed by Katherine Berg in 1989 to measure balance ability (static and dynamic) among older The BBS is a qualitative measure that assesses balance via performing functional activities such as reaching, bending, transferring, and standing that incorporates most components of postural control: sitting and transferring safely between chairs; standing with feet apart, feet together, in single-leg stance, and feet in the tandem Romberg position with eyes open or closed; reaching and stooping down to pick something off the floor. Each item is scored along a 5-point scale, ranging from 0 to 4, each grade with well-established criteria. Zero indicates the lowest level of function and 4 the highest level of function. The total score ranges from 0 to 56. The BBS is reliable (both inter- and intratester) and has concurrent and construct a cutoff score of greater than 45 has been traditionally identified as a useful cutoff to predict falls in those who scored below the cutoff score,97 recent work by Muir and Berg99 suggests an alternative scoring system as well as suggesting that the BBS is more effective in identifying those who will fall more than once than those who have fallen one time only. They suggest a cutoff score of 40 to predict those who will experience multiple falls (positive likelihood ratio of with 95% confidence interval [CI] of to and injurious falls (positive likelihood ratio of with 95% CI of to In the Shumway-Cook et al model for using the BBS to predict the likelihood of falling, a score of 36 or less indicated a nearly 100% chance of falling in the next 6 months in older The BBS is less useful in confirming someone is at low risk of falling. Even subjects who achieve a very high score (53 or 54 of 56) only have a moderate assurance that they are not at risk for a fall in the next few months. The BBS is particularly helpful in determining sitting and standing balance. No measures of gait are directly recorded within the full chapterURL: disabilityLuigi Ferrucci ... Jack M. Guralnik in Practice of Geriatrics (Fourth Edition), 2007Berg Balance Scale (BBS)51The BBS, a commonly used measure of postural control and stability, evaluates performance in 14 tasks, such as standing with feet together, reaching forward, picking up an object from the floor, and turning to look over each shoulder. An individual's stability is rated, using timed or other clearly defined criteria, on a scale from 0 (unable/unsafe) to 4 (completely independent/efficient/safe). The overall BBS score, attained by summing the ratings of the 14 individual test items, can range from 0 to 56 points. There is evidence of the BBS's responsiveness following rehabilitation intervention for frail elders as well as individuals with neuromuscular full chapterURL: Stephens, in Complementary Therapies for Physical Therapy, 2008ExamineThe BBS and the timed unilateral stance test are selected as outcome measures for balance and postural control because they are widely used, easy to use, and highly correlated with For Jane, it also is useful to have measures of endurance and mobility to compare pre-intervention and post-intervention performance. For this, gait speed and time/distance before fatigue are used (Table 20-1).In retrospect, several other measures may have been useful to get some more general information about other dimensions of performance. One of the instruments now widely used and approved by the National MS Society is the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life Inventory (MSQLI).44 This instrument is a compilation of 10 independently developed and validated measures, which assess fatigue, pain, cognition, and social support, among other areas. Some of these dimensions of life activity also have been suggested to improve as a result of ATM full chapterURL: TestsPaul Ricard, in Acute Care Handbook for Physical Therapists (Fourth Edition), 2014Interpretation of ResultsHigher scores on the BBS indicate greater independence and better ability to In contrast, lower scores indicate a greater fall risk. Prior evidence suggested that a total score of less than 45 predicted that the patient is at risk for However, more recent literature by Katherine Berg discourages the use the score as a dichotomous scale ( determining fall risk based on values being greater than or less than 45 points).10 Rather, the score should be used to represent a continuum of balance, through the use of likelihood Clinical TipIn patients who are over 65 years of age and are dependent in at least one personal activity of daily living, a change of 8 points on the BBS is necessary to demonstrate a genuine change in full chapterURL: of physiotherapy assessment and outcome measuresP Kersten, in Physical Management in Neurological Rehabilitation (Second Edition), 2004BalanceBalance disorders are discussed in Chapter 24. Well-validated measures of balance are the Berg Balance Scale (Berg et al., 1992) and the Functional Reach Test (Duncan et al., 1990). The Berg Balance Scale evaluates the patient's performance on 14 tasks which are common in daily activities. These tasks address the patient's ability to maintain positions of increasing difficulty. The full range of tasks is displayed in Box This test takes about 15 min to complete and is a sensitive measure as it is able to discriminate between patients with various mobility aids (Berg et al., 1992).The Functional Reach Test is shorter to complete, but less comprehensive than the Berg Balance Scale. The therapist will need to mark out a long ruler on a wall at the patient's shoulder height. When the patient stands comfortably, he or she should be asked to lift one arm up at 90° and make a fist (start position). Then the patient is asked to reach forwards as far as possible (finishing position). Functional reach is defined by the distance between the start and finishing position (Duncan et al., 1990).Read full chapterURL: Whitney, ... A. Alghadir, in Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 2016The Berg Balance ScaleA commonly utilized examination tool for static and dynamic balance (sitting and standing) is the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) (Berg, 1989; Berg et al., 1992). The BBS is a quantitative measure of balance during functional activities. Subjects are asked to reach, bend, transfer from one chair to another, stand with their feet apart, stand with their feet together, stand with their feet in tandem position with eyes open and with eyes closed, reach down, and stoop down to pick something up from the floor (Berg, 1989). Each item receives a grade on a 0–4 scale, where 0 indicates the subject is unable to complete the task and 4 is the highest grade obtainable, where each grade is given specific criteria to meet. The BBS has been shown to be reliable and have construct validity (Wang et al., 2006; Conradsson et al., 2007).When reporting results of the BBS, several different cutoff scores have been suggested. When the test was originally designed, a score of > 45 was considered to be predictive of future falls (Thorbahn and Newton, 1996). However, Muir et al. (2008), in their evaluation of the BBS, felt that the test was a better predictor of multiple fallers. They reported a score of 40 would predict multiple falls as well as falls that were more likely to cause harm to the patient. Prior to Muir's study, Shumway-Cook et al. (1997) reported that, in their study, a score of 36 or less was 100% predictive of a fall within the next 6 months in the geriatric population. The BBS has demonstrated concurrent validity when compared to the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) in persons with vestibular disorders (Whitney et al., 2003).Read full chapterURL: studies in neurological physiotherapyMandy Dunbar, in Clinical Case Studies in Physiotherapy, problem list would you establish for this patient? goals may be appropriate? patient scored 38 on the Berg Balance scale – why might this outcome measure have been selected to complete as part of her assessment? other outcome measures may have been used in your assessment of this lady? treatment options may be available to you in order to address the goals identified? there any other services which you may access to continue treatment for this patient?Read full chapterURL: to prepare for placementLauren Guthrie, in Clinical Case Studies in Physiotherapy, 2009▪Neurological assessment, assessing tone, joint range of movement, sensation, muscle power, posture, functional abilities (sit-to-stand, gait, etc.), balance.▪Awareness of outcome measures: Tinetti, Berg balance scale, motor assessment scale, elderly mobility scale.▪Depending on the type of neurological placement, know about the most likely neurological conditions you will encounter including pathology, signs and symptoms, overview of medical management. For example, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, motor neurone disease, Guillain–Barré syndrome.▪The types of treatment physiotherapists may use with the types of conditions you will come across in your placement. For example, balance re-education, gait re-education, exercise prescription.▪Find out the approach adopted by the physiotherapists at that particular site. For example, Bobath, motor re-learning, full chapterURL: RehabilitationAdolfo M. Bronstein, Marousa Pavlou, in Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 2013AbstractThis chapter addresses the important and undertreated problem of balance disorders. The chapter has a simplified summary of the physiology of balance problems in order to set the issue of assessment is next addressed with discussion of important tests including the Berg Balance Scale and the Get Up and Go Test, and others. Posturography is discussed as well as assessment of the gravitional vertical. The assessment of vestibular function is of key importance and discussed in some detail. The focus of the chapter is on balance rehabilitation. Re-training of postural alignment and of sensory strategies are key but adaptation of the environment and re-training of cognitive strategies are also helpful in individual cases. Vestibular exercises can also be used. The chapter then critically analyses the efficacy of these treatments in specific balance disorders such as in stroke, Parkinson disease, polyneuropathies, multiple sclerosis, and vestibular there is a growing body of evidence that balance rehabilitation improves symptoms, function, and quality of life for those troubled by these disabling full chapterURL: therapyBeth E. Kauffman, Benjamin W. Kauffman, in A Comprehensive Guide to Geriatric Rehabilitation (Third Edition), 2014BalanceThe following research supports the use for aquatics to improve balance, which will decrease fall risk in different populations. After 6 weeks of water exercise, subjects with a primary diagnosis of early to mid-stage Parkinson disease, demonstrated a significant improvement on the Berg Balance Scale and Step test (Jacobs et al., 2012). Some of this improvement may be attributed to increased tactile sensation from the water that improved body awareness and position sense. (Jacobs et al., 2012; Sato et al., 2012) After 5–6 weeks of water exercise by individuals in the eighth and ninth decades of life, significant improvements have been shown on balance measurements on the Berg Balance Scale (Douris et al., 2003). A combination of aquatic exercise and patient education produced significant findings in fall prevention in persons with hip osteoarthritis. Statistical analysis included the Berg Balance Scale, 6 minute walk test, 30 second chair stand, ABC questionnaire and the Timed Up and Go (Arnold & Faulkner, 2010).Read full chapterURL: of the RMI by comparing it to the Barthel Index (Mahoney & Barthel, 1965) and the Berg Balance Scale (Berg et al., 1989) in 38 inpatients with subacute stroke Also called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood Waldemar Brola, Małgorzata Fudala, Jan Czernicki Waldemar Brola, Małgorzata Fudala, Jan Czernicki – Prognostic efficacy of Berg Balance Test in assessing the risk of fall in patients after stroke. Fizjoterapia Polska 2009; 9(1); 31-38 Streszczenie Wstęp. Ryzykiem upadku w ciągu pierwszego roku po udarze zagrożonych jest około 40% chorych. Podejmowane są liczne próby znalezienia prostego a jednocześnie czułego testu, który pozwoliłby wyselekcjonować osoby o szczególnie wysokim ryzyku upadku. Celem pracy była ocena ryzyka upadków pacjentów rehabilitowanych po udarze mózgu z zastosowaniem Testu Berg (Berg Balance Scale). Materiał i metody. Badaniem objęto 312 osób leczonych w 2004 roku początkowo w Oddziale Udarowym Szpitala w Końskich, następnie Oddziale Rehabilitacji i zgłaszających się do Poradni Naczyniowej. Okres obserwacji obejmował 12 miesięcy od chwili zachorowania. Każdy chory oceniany był w początkowym okresie rehabilitacji i, w zależności od uzyskanych wyników, kwalifikowany do jednej z 4-ch grup ryzyka. Odnotowywano następnie wszystkie upadki i ich następstwa. Wyniki. W ciągu roku przynajmniej jednego upadku doznało 119 osób (35%), co dla 36 osób (11,5%) skończyło się poważnym urazem. Najwięcej upadków (78 osób) odnotowano w najwyższej IV grupie ryzyka. W tej grupie najcięższe były również następstwa upadków, jak również upadki powtarzały się wielokrotnie. W III grupie ryzyka odnotowano 24 upadki, w grupie I115 upadków, natomiast w grupie I tylko 2 osoby doznały upadku. Wnioski. Test Berg jest prostym, wiarygodnym i czułym narzędziem selekcjonującym pacjentów po udarze mózgu wykazujących największe ryzyko upadku. Objęcie szczególną opieką chorych z najwyższych grup ryzyka może uchronić ich przed poważnymi następstwami upadków oraz poprawić efekty rehabilitacji. Słowa kluczowe udar mózgu, upadki, czynniki ryzyka, Berg Balance TestIf you are looking for reliable and valid instruments to assess patient outcomes in physical medicine and rehabilitation, you should visit the Rehabilitation Measures Database. This database contains over 500 measures and is supported by experts in the field. You can find concise descriptions, psychometric properties, and evidence-based summaries of each measure.
standing, static and dynamic balance. Number of Test Items • The BBS consists of 14 functional balance items that focus on the ability to maintain a position and perform postural adjustments to complete functional movements.1 Scoring • Each item isscored ona 5-point ordinal scale ranging from 0 to 4, with 0
Use of the Berg Balance Scale for predicting [...]multiple falls in community-dwelling elderly people: a prospective study Utilisation de l'outil [...] d'évaluation clinique Berg Balance Scale pour prévoir [...]les chutes multiples chez les personnes âgées [...]qui résident dans la communauté : étude prospective In this context we share the view of [...] the rapporteur, Mr van den Berg, on the importance and scale of the problem. Dans ce contexte, nous sommes d'accord avec le [...] rapporteur, M. van den Berg, concernant l'importance et l'ampleur du problème. To calculate balances in the highest possible spatial resolution for which the data are available to spatially differentiate and [...] evaluate nutrient [...] contamination risks, because a balance surplus on a national scale does not allow statements [...]related to regions [...]or farming systems where reduction measures are required. Calcul de bilans dans la résolution spatiale la plus fine possible pour laquelle des données sont disponibles afin de différencier et d'évaluer, au niveau spatial, les [...] risques de contamination [...] des nutriments car un excédent de bilan à l'échelle nationale ne permet pas [...]d'indiquer dans quelles [...]régions ou quels systèmes agricoles des mesures de réduction sont nécessaires. Alfred Berg submitted on 9 April [...]1999 a memo to the steering committee, in which it concluded that Combus A/S could hardly be sold at a positive value. Alfred Berg a remis le 9 avril [...]1999 au comité de pilotage une note dans laquelle il concluait que Combus A/S pourrait difficilement [...]être vendue à une valeur positive. On 18 October 2000, Alfred Berg informed the Danish government [...]that it had received a revised offer from Metroline, which [...]now proposed to acquire Combus for a negative price of DKK 500 million. Le 18 octobre 2000, Alfred Berg a informé le gouvernement [...]danois qu'il avait reçu une offre corrigée de la part de Metroline, [...]qui proposait maintenant d'acquérir Combus pour un prix négatif de 500 millions de DKK. 4/ ICZM: The balance between marine issues and their scale of management should be the subject of technical and political emulation right across the Mediterranean Basin. 4/ La GIZC : L'adéquation entre les problématiques marines et leur échelle de gestion doivent faire l'objet d'une émulation technique et politique à l'échelle du bassin méditerranéen. Invasive species are added to the list, and climate [...] change, which shifts the natural balance at a very large scale. Des espèces envahissantes sont venues s'ajouter [...] à la liste et un autre facteur est le changement [...] climatique qui perturbe l'équilibre naturel à une très grande échelle. I am also most grateful for the supporting opinions of the other [...] committees, and should like to express my thanks [...] to Mr van den Berg of the Committee [...]on Constitutional Affairs and Mr Candal [...]of the Committee on Petitions. Je remercie également les autres commissions pour avis de la qualité de [...] leurs contributions et, plus [...] particulièrement, M. van den Berg de la commission [...]des affaires constitutionnelles et M. Candal [...]de la commission des pétitions. I am sure we all wish you [...] well, Mr van den Berg, although we [...]are sorry to lose you. Je suis certaine que nous vous souhaitons tous bonne chance, [...] Monsieur van den Berg, même si nous [...]sommes tristes de vous voir partir. He had come to the Fire Conference this morning and after [...] Rev. Peter van den Berg preached, he felt [...]faith rise in his heart. Il vint à la Conférence « Fire » ce matin, et après la [...] prédication de Peter van den Berg, il sentit une foi [...]grandir dans son c½ur. Mr ¦pidla, I ask you, [...] please keep the sense of scale and balance we are used to seeing from you. Monsieur ¦pidla, je vous enjoins de ne pas vous [...] départir du sens de l'observation et de l'équilibre auquel vous nous avez [...]habitués. The balance has an optical read-out scale, and gives a [...]direct reading for the moisture content. La balance est à indicateur optique et donne une lecture [...]directe du taux d'humidité. Climatologically, these dynamics impart [...] a significant control over the [...] surface energy balance at the local scale and may also [...]respond to planetary scale atmospheric [...]teleconnections ( El Ni~no Southern Oscillation, Atlantic Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation. Sur le plan climatologique, ces processus dynamiques sont des [...] facteurs importants dans le bilan [...] énergétique de surface à l'échelle locale et peuvent aussi [...]réagir aux téléconnexions atmosphériques [...](Oscillation méridionale el niño, Oscillation atlantique et Oscillation de l'Atlantique nord) d'échelle planétaire. Do not use the balance/scale until it has [...]reached the proper operating temperature. La balance atteint la température de fonctionnement [...]nécessaire seulement après ce laps de temps. Van den Berg helps them to anticipate market [...]trends better, strengthens the flexibility and the competitiveness of their [...]logisitics and opens up new opportunities for innovation. Dédiée à la production et à l'approvisionnement des bulbes [...] à fleurs pour les autres sociétés de [...] la Branche, Van den Berg permet à celles-ci [...]de mieux anticiper les tendances du marché, [...]renforce la flexibilité et la compétitivité de leur organisation logistique et leur ouvre de nouvelles voies d'innovation. Strimmig Berg has an excellent network [...]of walking trails and has a variety of activities to offer. Le Strimmiger Berg possède un réseau [...]de sentiers de randonnée bien développé et offre aux visiteurs de nombreuses activités de loisir. The Commission was extensively involved in this symposium: the Secretary General moderated two panels on networks and network building, Past President Max Wyman was a member [...] of the Symposium Steering Committee [...] along with Katherine Berg, and Mr. Wyman also [...]made opening remarks at the Symposium. La Commission s'est particulièrement impliquée dans ce symposium : le secrétaire général a animé deux tables rondes sur les réseaux et la création de réseaux ; l'ancien président de la [...] Commission, Max Wyman, membre du Comité directeur du symposium aux [...] côtés de Katherine Berg, a fait une allocution [...]d'ouverture. In our investigation, we have looked at all of the factors that led to the deckhand being swept overboard," said [...] Paul van den Berg, Investigator-in-Charge. Au cours de notre enquête, nous avons examiné [...] tous les facteurs ayant amené ce matelot à être emporté par-dessus bord », a [...] déclaré Yves Boisvert, enquêteur [...]principal. We are pointing why safety management systems are needed for all training vessels regardless of whether they sail under a Canadian or an international flag," added van den Berg. Nous soulignons pourquoi un système de gestion de la sécurité est nécessaire à bord de tous les voiliers-écoles, qu'ils soient sous juridiction canadienne ou étrangère », précise M. Boisvert. I would like to see a whole lot [...] more farmers to balance out the preponderance of large-scale, commercial, [...]industrial farms. J'aimerais qu'il y ait beaucoup [...] plus de ces agriculteurs-là pour [...] contrebalancer la prépondérance des grandes exploitations commerciales de type [...]industriel. It is a complex and anomalous tool, not [...] [...] found in textbooks and universities; in fact, it replaces a true economic and budget balance policy on a federal scale. C'est un instrument complexe et anormal que l'on ne retrouve pas dans les ouvrages de référence et dans les universités. Global scale climatic changes occur when the balance between the rate at which energy enters [...]or leaves the global climate system [...]is upset by changes in one or more of its major elements. Les changements climatiques à l'échelle planétaire surviennent quand l'équilibre entre le rythme auquel [...]l'énergie entre dans [...]le système climatique de la Terre et celui où elle en sort est perturbé par des variations d'un ou plusieurs de ses principaux éléments. A major issue is to balance the need to scale up services and [...]reach universal access in the shortest time possible and the [...]need to strengthen existing infrastructures, including developing the capacity of civil society, to ensure the sustainability of services. L'un des principaux [...] problèmes est de trouver un équilibre entre la nécessité de [...]développer les services offerts et de parvenir [...]à un accès universel dans des délais aussi courts que possible et celle de renforcer les infrastructures existantes, notamment d'améliorer les capacités de la société civile, de manière à assurer la durabilité de ces services. Its failure turned a large-scale crisis of confidence into a global financial panic. [...] Financial intermediaries restored liquidity [...] buffers, tried to economise on capital and to scale down their balance sheets. Les intermédiaires financiers ont rétabli leurs niveaux de liquidités, se sont [...] efforcés de réaliser des économies de capital et de [...] réduire leurs bilans, ont cédé des actifs et durci les conditions de prêt. Despite the intention for regional [...] governments to provide a balance of interests at a regional scale, lower-tier zoning [...]and development approvals [...]are often made in relative isolation and can, as a result, have little regard for cumulative land-use impacts. Malgré la volonté des gouvernements [...] régionaux à fournir un équilibre des intérêts à l'échelle régionale, les approbations [...]de zonage et [...]de développement par le palier inférieur sont souvent émises de façon indépendante et, conséquemment, entraînent peu de répercussions sur les effets cumulatifs de l'aménagement du territoire. v. Berg, supra, might be applicable in that, while [...]Revenue Canada officials have expertise in the allocation of expenses [...]among the several products of a company, the interpretation, as distinct from the application, of SIMA paragraph 19(b) and SIM Regulation 11 is a "general question of law" to which the "correctness" test properly applies. Colombie-Britannique c. Berg, supra, pourrait être [...]applicable pour la raison que, même si les fonctionnaires de Revenu Canada [...]ont l'expertise requise pour l'attribution des coûts parmi les divers produits d'une entreprise, l'interprétation (et non l'application) de l'alinéa 19 b) de la LMSI et de l'article 11 de son règlement d'application est une *question générale de droit+ à laquelle le critère de justesse peut fort bien s'appliquer. Katherine Berg, Special Advisor to the Secretary-General, [...]gave a speech underlining the importance of sport as a way to [...]promote peace, education, health and development. Dans son [...] allocution, Katherine Berg, conseillère spéciale [...]auprès du secrétaire général, a souligné l'importance du sport [...]dans la promotion de la paix, de l'éducation, de la santé et du développement. On August 19th 2008 he got a room in 'Huis Op de Berg' in Heerlen, where he was taken care of very well until his death. C'est le 19 août 2008 qu'il obtint une chambre à "Huis Op de Berg" à Heerlen où on s'occupa très bien de lui jusqu'à sa mort. Dion van den Berg, in his chapter on city diplomacy [...]campaigns, identifies a common sequence of city diplomacy activities. Dans son chapitre consacré aux campagnes de diplomatie des [...] villes, Dion van den Berg identifie une séquence [...]commune aux activités de diplomatie des villes. Zetes' sound balance sheet allows it to execute large scale projects, that could temporarily destabilise balance sheet equilibrium, [...]yet still keep the trust of all stakeholders. La situation bilantaire très saine de Zetes lui [...] permet d'exécuter des projets de très grande ampleur, qui peuvent déstabiliser provisoirement les équilibres bilantaires, tout en [...]conservant la confiance de tous ses partenaires. The most commonly used clinical test of balance severity in people with PD is the Berg Balance Scale (Berg) . The Berg, originally designed for use in the frail elderly, is a 14-item test that focuses on a variety of self-initiated tasks related to everyday function such as sit-to-stand and functional reach forward.